Genital warts

Genital warts are small growths that appear on, in, or around the genital and anal areas due to an infection with HPV. Among the many types of HPV, type 6 and type 11 are responsible for causing genital warts. HPV is highly contagious, and more than half of sexually active people worldwide will be infected with some type of HPV at some point in their lives, often without realizing it. 

Genital warts are among the most common STDs, especially affecting individuals between the ages of 15 and 29. It is possible to carry the virus without showing symptoms or to develop warts long after exposure, as the incubation period can range from one to eight months. Even without visible symptoms, HPV is still contagious, meaning it can be passed on to others unknowingly.

Genital warts can resemble common warts and may exhibit the following symptoms: 

• Small, cauliflower-like bumps on or around the genital or anal area. 
• Often appear in clusters. 
• Greyish-white or pinkish-red in color. 
• May cause itching, pain, or a burning sensation, although some individuals may experience no discomfort. 
• Warts may disappear on their own within 1 to 2 years, but treatment can help speed up the process. 
• The HPV virus can remain dormant in the body, leading to the recurrence of warts even after treatment. 

Specific symptoms in men

• Warts on the penis. 
• Discharge from the penis. 
• Warts on the glans (tip of the penis). 
• Warts on the scrotum. 
• Warts around or in the anus. 

Specific symptoms in women

• Warts in or around the vagina. 
• Vaginal discharge. 
• Warts near the clitoris. 
• Warts around or in the anus. 
• Less commonly, warts on the cervix, which are not visible externally. 

Although genital warts are not dangerous, they can cause feelings of embarrassment. 

The HPV virus is spread through intimate physical contact with the genital area or through contact with the anus. The virus can also be transmitted by touching the affected area with hands or sex toys, or through sharing personal items like towels with an infected individual.

Preventing genital warts

Safe sexual practices, such as using condoms, can reduce the risk of genital warts, though condoms do not provide complete protection against HPV. To further prevent transmission, maintain good hygiene, do not share personal items, and use separate towels and washcloths. 

A vaccine is available that protects against the types of HPV that cause genital warts. This vaccine is most effective when administered before exposure to the virus. Consult a doctor for more information.

There are no specific blood or urine tests for genital warts, but they can often be identified visually. If you have genital warts, you are at a higher risk of having other STDs, so it is advisable to undergo a general STD test. These tests can be performed at a doctor's office or with self-testing kits.

Although genital warts can resolve on their own, many people prefer to seek treatment for faster relief. Treatment options include: 

Medications and creams

Doctors often prescribe antiviral medications to inhibit the growth of the HPV virus, helping the warts to heal more quickly. Topical treatments may include: 

• Podophyllotoxin: A cream or liquid applied to the warts twice daily for three days each week, with treatment lasting up to four or five weeks. 
• Imiquimod: An antiviral cream applied once every other day for up to 16 weeks. 
• Sinecatechins: An ointment used three times daily, with a maximum treatment duration of 16 weeks. 

Medications can sometimes cause side effects, such as skin irritation. To protect surrounding healthy skin, use a greasy ointment as a barrier. Be sure to read the medication's instructions carefully and wash hands thoroughly after application. Note that these medications are not suitable for pregnant women. 

Alternative treatment options

If medications are not suitable, alternative treatments can be considered, including: 

• Applying trichloroacetic acid to the warts, usually once weekly for at least two weeks. 
• Cryotherapy, which involves freezing the warts with liquid nitrogen. This method is also safe for pregnant women. 
• Electrocautery, where the warts are removed with an electric needle, sometimes available through a general practitioner or at a hospital. 

Most treatments for genital warts require a prescription. To obtain a suitable treatment, you can request a consultation at Doctoronline. A doctor will assess your case based on a completed medical questionnaire and, if appropriate, issue a prescription to a pharmacy. The medication will then be discreetly delivered to your home. 

For more information about genital warts treatment, consult a healthcare professional.