Genital infections

Genital infections are infections of the vagina or penis. Many genital infections are caused by an STD, such as chlamydia, syphilis, or gonorrhoea. These conditions spread through unprotected sex and can be contracted when having sex without a condom. 

However, not all genital infections are sexually transmitted diseases. For example, candida infections (yeast infections) and bacterial vaginosis can also occur without sexual contact, meaning they are not classified as venereal diseases. 

Genital infections often cause symptoms in the vagina or penis. Common general symptoms of genital infections include: 

• Irritation, itchiness, or pain on or in the vagina or penis 
• Pain and/or burning sensation while urinating or having sex 
• Abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina, which may vary in quantity, color, odor, or texture 
• Bumps, sores, or scabs on or around the genitals 
• Redness and/or swelling in the genital area, such as the labia or glans 

The specific symptoms can vary based on the type of infection. Men and women may also experience different symptoms, as some conditions, like bacterial vaginosis, typically only affect women. 

Genital infections may result from unprotected sexual activity. If the genitals come into contact with an infected person, either directly or via objects like towels, the risk of transmission increases. STDs can spread through vaginal, oral, and anal sex, and sometimes through contact with contaminated surfaces. 

For STDs, the cause could be bacteria (e.g., syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia), viruses (e.g., herpes, genital warts), or parasites (e.g., trichomonas).

Candida infection (yeast infection)

Fungal infections are typically caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which is naturally present on the skin. When it multiplies excessively, it can lead to an infection, often referred to as a yeast infection or candida.

Bacterial genital infections

Genital infections such as bacterial vaginosis occur when an imbalance of bacteria, like an overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, disrupts the normal bacterial flora in the vagina. 

Preventing genital infections

Safe sex practices, including the use of condoms, are important to prevent genital infections caused by STDs. For other infections, maintaining good hygiene can help minimize the risk. Avoid using harsh soaps or scented products in the genital area, wear breathable cotton underwear, change sanitary products frequently, and use lubricants during intercourse if needed. 

If you experience symptoms that suggest a genital infection, getting tested can help determine the cause. STD tests can identify sexually transmitted diseases and can be done via a doctor or self-tests. Tests are also available for conditions like bacterial vaginosis and candida infections. 

If a genital infection is confirmed, it is essential to inform your partner so that they can also be tested and treated, helping to prevent the spread. 

Most genital infections can be treated effectively with medication. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the cause of the infection: 

• STDs: Antibiotics, such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin, for bacterial infections like gonorrhoea or chlamydia; antiviral medications like aciclovir or imiquimod for viral infections such as genital herpes or genital warts. 
• Candida: Antifungal medications such as miconazole, fluconazole, or clotrimazole are used to treat yeast infections. 
• Bacterial vaginosis: Antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin can be prescribed to kill the bacteria causing the infection. 

Important information for genital infection treatment

When treating genital infections, keep the following in mind: 

• Medications may cause side effects. For example, antibiotics can lead to gastrointestinal issues or headaches, while topical treatments might cause local discomfort. 
• Always complete the entire prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication, to ensure all pathogens are eliminated. 
• Read the package leaflet carefully for instructions on how to use the medication, possible side effects, and other warnings. 

Many treatments for genital infections require a prescription. You can request a course of treatment from Doctoronline. After completing a medical questionnaire, a doctor will review your request, and if approved, a prescription will be sent to a pharmacy for discreet home delivery. If you need more information about treatments for genital infections, consult a doctor or pharmacist.